更新時間:2023-05-08
訪問量:1553
YD系(xi)列超輕型(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)是根據機電部《試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準(zhun)在(zai)原同(tong)類(lei)產品(pin)基礎上(shang)經(jing)過大量改(gai)(gai)進后而生產的(de)輕型(xing)(xing)交直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變是在(zai)(G)系(xi)列試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上(shang)按照國家標(biao)準(zhun)《ZBK-41006-89》經(jing)過改(gai)(gai)進后而生產的(de)一種新型(xing)(xing)產品(pin)。
YD系列超輕型高壓試驗變壓器
概述:
輕(qing)型(xing)交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據機電部《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)(zhun)在(zai)原同類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)基(ji)礎上經過大量改進(jin)后而生(sheng)產(chan)的輕(qing)型(xing)交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)是在(zai)(G)系列試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的基(ji)礎上按(an)照國家標準(zhun)(zhun)《ZBK-41006-89》經過改進(jin)后而生(sheng)產(chan)的一種(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。本系列產(chan)品(pin)(pin)具(ju)有體積(ji)小、重量輕(qing)、結(jie)構緊湊、功能齊全,通用性強(qiang)和使用方便等特點。特別適用于電力系統(tong)、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、科研部門等對(dui)各種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣設(she)備(bei)、電氣元件、絕緣材料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)匯頻或直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下的絕緣強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。是高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中*的重要(yao)設(she)備(bei)。
YD系列超輕型高壓試驗變壓器產品結構
輕型高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器采用單框芯式結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯上、高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)在外,這種(zhong)同軸布(bu)置減少了(le)(le)漏磁通,因而增大了(le)(le)繞組(zu)間的(de)耦合(he)。產品的(de)外殼(ke)制(zhi)成(cheng)與器芯配合(he)較佳(jia)的(de)八角結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou),整體外形美觀大方。其外部結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)1,內部結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)見(jian)圖(tu)2。
變壓器外(wai)部(bu)結構示意圖(tu)
1—短路(lu)桿D 2—均壓球 3—高壓套管(guan)
4—變壓器提手(shou) 5—油閥 6、7—次壓輸入a、x
8、9—測量端子(zi)E F 10—變壓器外殼接(jie)地端 11—高壓尾
12—高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸出(chu)A 13—高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 14—變(bian)壓(ya)器油
15—鐵(tie)芯 16—次低壓繞組 17—測量繞組
18—二次(ci)高壓繞組
在試驗(yan)變壓器中,a、x為(wei)低(di)壓輸入端子,E、F為(wei)低(di)度表測量(liang)端子,A、X為(wei)高(gao)壓輸出。
工作原理:
輕型高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相變壓(ya)器(qi),聯結組標號I.I.用二頻220V(10KVA以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)380V)電源接入系列操作(zuo)箱(臺),經操作(zuo)箱內(nei)自耦調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(50KVA以(yi)上(shang)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)(diao)節至0-200V(或0-400V)
電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu),根據(ju)電磁感應原(yuan)理(li),在試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
1、 單(dan)臺試驗變壓器的工作原理圖見圖3
圖3:單臺高壓試(shi)驗變壓器原理圖
2、單臺(tai)試驗變壓(ya)器工(gong)作原理圖見圖4,圖中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui),串接在高(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)作半波整流(liu),以獲得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一(yi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短(duan)接時,可獲得(de)工(gong)頻高(gao)電壓(ya),作為交流(liu)輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)態(tai),取消短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)時,作為直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
圖(tu)4單臺交直流試(shi)驗變壓器原理圖(tu)
圖中:D-短(duan)路桿 VD-高壓硅堆
3、三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)結線原(yuan)理圖 5。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)優越性,因為整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)由(you)幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng),單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)容(rong)(rong)量小,電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕、便于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝,它(ta)既然可串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高出(chu)(chu)(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使(shi)用,又可分(fen)開成(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套(tao)裝置(zhi)投(tou)資小,經濟實惠。圖5中,在*級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)無(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)(dou)有一個勵(li)磁繞組A1、C2和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理圖中,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de);初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組a1×1組,單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)V。勵(li)磁繞組A1、C1給第(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)I Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供(gong)電。第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞組A2、C2給第(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)I Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供(gong)電。第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)別(bie)處在對地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高電位(wei)上,氫(qing)箱(xiang)體對地是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地的(de)(de)。這樣*級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三(san)(san)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V、其額定容(rong)(rong)量分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出,其(qi)原理(li)與(yu)上圖相同。
四、使用方法:
1、試驗變做被(bei)試品的工頻耐壓試驗使用接線原理圖見圖6。
圖5:三臺試驗充壓器串級接七原(yuan)理(li)圖
圖中:P-容量(liang)(KV) V-電壓(KV) G1、G2-絕緣支架
圖中(zhong):R1-限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) FYQ-阻(zu)容分壓器 RF-球間隙保護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) G-球間隙 Cx-被(bei)試品
注:高壓尾(wei)必須(xu)可靠接地。
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)來選擇。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在 100-300MA時,可取(qu)0.5-1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya));高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時,可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)陰作(zuo)為限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),管于長度可按150KV/m考慮(lv),管子和粗細應(ying)具有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)熱(re)容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液(ye)配制方法:用(yong)蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各種不同的(de)陰值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保護(hu)電阻:當電壓(ya)超過球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般(ban)取(qu)試驗電壓(ya)的110%-120%)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電,對被試品(pin)起到(dao)保護(hu)作用。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓(ya))選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中,低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常準確的,其原因(yin)是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在(zai)著漏抗,在(zai)這(zhe)上(shang)個漏抗上(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升,使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出(chu)來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時,被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也(ye)就是(shi)所謂容升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的漏抗必須(xu)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因(yin)此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入RCF阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖6)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)操(cao)作注意事項
(1)試(shi)驗(yan)人員(yuan)應做好(hao)分工,明確相(xiang)互(hu)間辦法。并有專門人監護現場安全及觀察試(shi)品(pin)狀態(tai)。
(2)被試(shi)品應清掃(sao)干(gan)凈(jing),并干(gan)燥,以免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
(3)對丁(ding)大型試驗,一般都應先進行空升(sheng)試驗。即不接試品(pin)時(shi)升(sheng)壓至試驗電壓,校對各(ge)種表(biao)計,調整(zheng)間隙。
(4)升(sheng)壓速度不能太快,并必須防止(zhi)突然加(jia)壓。例(li)如調(diao)(diao)壓器(qi)不在零(ling)位的突然合閘,也不能突然切(qie)斷電源,一(yi)般應在調(diao)(diao)壓器(qi)降至零(ling)位時(shi)拉閘。
(5)當電壓升至試驗(yan)電壓時,開始計時,到1min后,迅速降到1/3試驗(yan)電壓以下時,才能拉開電源。
(6)在升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程,如(ru)發(fa)現下列不正常情況時(shi),應立即降(jiang)壓(ya),切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),停止試(shi)驗并(bing)查明原因(yin):①電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動很(hen)大;②發(fa)現絕(jue)緣燒焦(jiao)或冒煙;③被試(shi)品內有不正常的聲(sheng)音。
(7)耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量(liang)絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻,檢查絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)在做被試品(pin)的直流耐壓(ya)或泄漏試驗時接線(xian)原理(li)圖如圖7。
注(zhu):此試(shi)驗應(ying)先(xian)抽出短路桿(gan)“D”,圖7中所示。
圖7:高壓直流泄漏試驗接線圖
圖:VD-高(gao)壓硅堆 R1-限流電(dian)阻 C1-高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容
FYQ-阻容分壓器 Cx-被(bei)試品 A-帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在(zai)額(e)定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),輸(shu)出(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60KV的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)裝置中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陰(yin)按R1=60/0,1=600KΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/01=600KΩ選(xuan)擇,限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應具有足夠的(de)容量(liang)和沿(yan)面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。高(gao)壓(ya)濾流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1一般選(xuan)擇在(zai)0.01-0.1HF,當被試(shi)品的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)很大時(shi),C1可省(sheng)略不用。
泄漏試驗的(de)操作及注(zhu)意事項
(1)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢查被試(shi)(shi)品是否(fou)停電(dian),接地放電(dian),一切對外連線是否(fou)擦凈。要嚴防將試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓加(jia)到人(ren)工作部位上(shang)去。
(2)接好試驗(yan)裝置(zhi)的(de)接線(xian)(xian)后(hou),應(ying)復查無(wu)誤(wu)后(hou)才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引(yin)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)地與(yu)操作人(ren)員的(de)安(an)全距(ju)離,被(bei)試品的(de)外(wai)殼是否(fou)可(ke)靠接地,要按(an)安(an)全規(gui)程中所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內(nei)容進(jin)行(xing)試驗(yan)。
(3)對于大電容量設備(bei)應緩(huan)慢升壓(ya),防(fang)止(zhi)被試(shi)品的充電電流(liu)燒壞微(wei)安(an)表(biao)。必要時應分級(ji)加壓(ya),分別讀取(qu)各級(ji)電壓(ya)下微(wei)安(an)表(biao)的穩定讀數。
(4)試驗(yan)過程,應密(mi)切監視被試品、試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表,一(yi)旦發(fa)生(sheng)擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現(xian)象應立即降壓(ya),切斷(duan)電源,并查(cha)明原因,詳細記錄。
(5)試驗完畢,降壓,切斷電源后應(ying)將(jiang)被試品及試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)本身充分放(fang)電。
五、注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接好工作(zuo)線路(lu)。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼以及(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須(xu)(xu)可靠(kao)(kao)接地(di),試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓繞(rao)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)x端(高(gao)壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)(de)F端必須(xu)(xu)可靠(kao)(kao)接地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)時,第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞組的X端,測量繞阻的F端以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外殼,第(di)(di)二級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外殼必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源前,操作系統的調(diao)(diao)壓器(qi)必須調(diao)(diao) 到零位(wei)后方可接通電源,合閘,開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開始勻帶旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式有:快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法,即20S逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法;慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法,即60S逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法;慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后,再以(yi)每秒(miao)2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya),并密(mi)切(qie)注意測量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)批示(shi)以(yi)及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中或(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中如(ru)發現測量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)指示(shi)及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)情況異常,應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya),切(qie)斷電源,查明情況。
5、試驗完畢后,應在數(shu)秒(miao)內勻速的將調壓器返回至零位,然(ran)后切斷電(dian)源(yuan)。
6、本產(chan)品(pin)有得(de)超過額(e)定參數使用。除試驗(yan)必需外,決不允許全電(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、使用本(ben)產品做(zuo)高壓(ya)試驗時,除熟(shu)悉(xi)本(ben)說明外,還必(bi)須嚴格(ge)執行國(guo)家有(you)關標準和操作規程,可參(can)照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣配合,高壓(ya)試驗技術》;《電氣設備預(yu)防性試驗規程》等(deng)。
六、配套產品
1、操作系統:
XZC系列操作(zuo)箱:容(rong)量:1KVA-5KVA,輸(shu)入電壓:0.22KV
KZT系列操作臺:容(rong)量:10K/A-300KVA輸入電壓:0.22KV 、0.38KV
2、保護式數字微(wei)安表(biao)SWB-Ⅱ
3、阻容式交直流分壓器(qi)FYQ-50、100、150、220KV
4、高壓(ya)直流放(fang)電棒FZ-70、140、210KV
5、高壓硅(gui)堆:2DL-150、300、450KV
6、絕緣支架50、100、200、300KV
7、高壓濾波電容0.01UF,40-100KV
8、均壓球
9、保護球隙:Q-50、100、150、200、250、500
10、標(biao)準(zhun)試油杯400ml
11、介質油杯
12、折疊式小推車150、300型
13、水電阻
14、高壓(ya)驗電器(qi)10KV、35KV
15、高壓定相(xiang)器(qi)10KV、35KV/110KV、220KV
16、各(ge)種萬用(yong)表、兆歐表及測試線
七、試驗變壓器的容(rong)量(liang)選擇(ze):
標準試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式:Pn=KVn2ωct×10-9。
式中(zhong):Pn—標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容(rong)量(KVA)
Vn—試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的額(e)定輸(shu)出高壓(ya)的有效值(zhi)(KV)
K—安(an)全(quan)系數。K≥1,標稱電(dian)壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時,K=2,標稱電(dian)壓(ya)較(jiao)低時,K值(zhi)可取高(gao)一些,
ct—被試品(pin)的電容量(liang)(PF)
ω—角頻率, 2лf.F-試驗電源的頻率。
被試(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)的電容量ct可由(you)交流電橋測出(chu)。Ct的變(bian)化很大,可由(you)設(she)(she)備(bei)的類型
而定。典型數據如下:
簡(jian)單的棒式或懸掛式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡單(dan)的分(fen)級(ji)套管 100-1000PF
電壓互感器(qi) 200-500PF
電(dian)壓變壓器<1000KVA -1000PF
>1000KVA 1000-10000PF
高壓(ya)電力電纜(lan)和(he)油浸紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan) 250-300PF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 -60PF/m
封閉(bi)變電站,SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100-10000PF
對于(yu)不同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn,選擇不同(tong)的(de)(適當的(de))安全系數K。以下列出(chu)不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選用的(de)K值供參考。
Vn=50-100KV K=4
Vn=150-300KV K=3
Vn>300KV K=2
八、試驗變壓器主要技(ji)術參數表
(一)、輕型交(jiao)直流試驗變(bian)壓器(見表1)
(二)、輕型交直流試驗變壓器(qi)(見表2
表1、輕(qing)型交直流試驗變壓器
型號 | 容量 | 高壓電壓(KV) | 高壓電流(mA) | 低壓輸入 | 變比 | 溫升℃ | |||
(KVA) | AC | DC | AC | DC | 電壓(V) | 電流(A) | 高/儀 | 30分鐘 | |
1.5/50 | 1.5 | 50 | 70 | 30 | 15 | 200 | 7.5 | 500 | 10 |
3/50 | 3 | 50 | 70 | 60 | 15 | 200 | 15 | 500 | 10 |
5/50 | 5 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 15 | 200 | 25 | 500 | 10 |
10/50 | 10 | 50 | 70 | 200 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
20/50 | 20 | 50 | 70 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
30/50 | 30 | 50 | 70 | 600 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 500 | 10 |
40/50 | 40 | 50 | 70 | 800 | 105 | 400 | 100 | 500 | 10 |
50/50 | 50 | 50 | 70 | 1000 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 500 | 10 |
10/100 | 10 | 100 | 140 | 100 | 50 | 400 | 25 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 100 | 140 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 100 | 140 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 1000 | 10 |
40/100 | 40 | 100 | 140 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 1000 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 100 | 140 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 150 | 210 | 133 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 1500 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 150 | 210 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 1500 | 10 |
40/100 | 40 | 150 | 210 | 267 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 1500 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 150 | 210 | 333 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 1500 | 10 |
100/150 | 100 | 150 | 210 | 667 | 150 | 400 | 250 | 1500 | 10 |
注:本系(xi)列產品中(zhong)有200V的(de)串級抽(chou)頭(tou)(tou),可(ke)二臺(tai)或三臺(tai)串級成交流(liu)100KV、150KV、200KV、300KV直流(liu)140 KV、210 KV、280 KV、420 KV、的(de)高電壓(ya)(ya)。并(bing)可(ke)根據(ju)用戶(hu)需(xu)要(yao)在高壓(ya)(ya)繞組抽(chou)出5-15 KV的(de)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)抽(chou)頭(tou)(tou),供高壓(ya)(ya)機作交流(liu)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)。并(bing)可(ke)定制(zhi)特殊規格的(de)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)。
表2、輕型交流(liu)試驗變壓(ya)器
型號 | 容量 | 高壓電壓 | 高壓電流 | 低壓輸入 | 變比 | 溫升℃ | |
(KVA) | (KV) | (mA) | 電壓(V) | 電流(A) | 高/儀 | 30分鐘 | |
1.5/50 | 1.5 | 50 | 30 | 200 | 7.5 | 500 | 10 |
3/50 | 3 | 50 | 60 | 200 | 15 | 500 | 10 |
5/50 | 5 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 25 | 500 | 10 |
10/50 | 10 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
20/50 | 20 | 50 | 400 | 380 | 53 | 500 | 10 |
30/50 | 30 | 50 | 600 | 380 | 79 | 500 | 10 |
50/50 | 50 | 50 | 1000 | 380 | 12 | 500 | 10 |
5/100 | 5 | 100 | 50 | 200 | 25 | 1000 | 10 |
10/100 | 10 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 100 | 300 | 400 | 75 | 1000 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 400 | 125 | 1000 | 10 |
20/150 | 20 | 150 | 133 | 400 | 50 | 1500 | 10 |
30/150 | 30 | 150 | 200 | 400 | 75 | 1500 | 10 |
50/150 | 50 | 150 | 333 | 400 | 125 | 1500 | 10 |
100/150 | 100 | 150 | 667 | 400 | 250 | 1500 | 10 |
50/200 | 50 | 200 | 250 | 400 | 125 | 2000 | 10 |
100/200 | 100 | 200 | 500 | 400 | 250 | 2000 | 10 |
150/200 | 150 | 200 | 750 | 400 | 375 | 2000 | 10 |
200/200 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 400 | 500 | 2000 | 10 |
300/200 | 300 | 200 | 1500 | 400 | 600 | 2000 | 10 |
50/300 | 50 | 300 | 170 | 400 | 125 | 3000 | 10 |
100/300 | 100 | 300 | 333 | 400 | 250 | 3000 | 10 |
150/300 | 150 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 375 | 3000 | 10 |
200/300 | 200 | 300 | 667 | 400 | 500 | 3000 | 10 |
300/300 | 300 | 300 | 3000 | 500 | 600 | 3000 | 10
|
概述:
輕(qing)型(xing)交直(zhi)流高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器是(shi)根據機電(dian)部(bu)《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器》標(biao)準在原同類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)基礎上經(jing)過大量改(gai)進(jin)后而(er)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)輕(qing)型(xing)交直(zhi)流高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)是(shi)在(G)系列試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器的(de)(de)基礎上按照國家標(biao)準《ZBK-41006-89》經(jing)過改(gai)進(jin)后而(er)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)一種新(xin)型(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。本系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有(you)體(ti)積小、重(zhong)(zhong)量輕(qing)、結構緊湊、功(gong)能齊全,通用性強和使用方便等特(te)點。特(te)別適用于電(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等對各(ge)種高(gao)壓電(dian)氣設備、電(dian)氣元件、絕緣材料進(jin)行匯(hui)頻或直(zhi)流高(gao)壓下的(de)(de)絕緣強度試(shi)驗(yan)。是(shi)高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)*的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要設備。
產品結構
輕型高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯式結(jie)(jie)構。初級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯上、高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組在(zai)外,這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通,因而增大了繞(rao)組間(jian)的(de)耦合(he)。產品的(de)外殼制成與器(qi)芯配合(he)較佳(jia)的(de)八角結(jie)(jie)構,整(zheng)體(ti)外形美觀(guan)大方(fang)。其外部(bu)結(jie)(jie)構圖(tu)見圖(tu)1,內部(bu)結(jie)(jie)構見圖(tu)2。
變壓(ya)器外部結構示意圖
1—短(duan)路桿D 2—均壓(ya)球 3—高壓(ya)套管
4—變壓器提手 5—油閥 6、7—次壓輸入a、x
8、9—測(ce)量端子E F 10—變壓器(qi)外殼接地端 11—高壓尾(wei)
12—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸出A 13—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆 14—變壓(ya)(ya)器油(you)
15—鐵芯 16—次低壓繞組 17—測量繞組
18—二次高(gao)壓繞組
在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器中,a、x為(wei)低壓(ya)輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)子,E、F為(wei)低度表測量端(duan)子,A、X為(wei)高(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)出。
工作原理:
輕型高壓試驗變(bian)(bian)壓器為單相變(bian)(bian)壓器,聯結(jie)組(zu)標號I.I.用二頻220V(10KVA以(yi)(yi)上為380V)電源接入系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺),經操(cao)作箱(xiang)內自(zi)耦(ou)調(diao)壓器(50KVA以(yi)(yi)上調(diao)壓器外附)調(diao)節(jie)至0-200V(或(huo)0-400V)
電壓(ya)輸出(chu)至試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初級繞組(zu),根(gen)據(ju)電磁感應原理,在試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試驗所需(xu)的高電壓(ya)。
1、 單臺試驗變(bian)壓器的(de)工作原理圖見圖3
圖(tu)3:單臺(tai)高(gao)壓試驗(yan)變壓器原理(li)圖(tu)
2、單臺試驗變壓器工作原理圖見圖4,圖中高壓套管中裝有高壓硅(gui)(gui)堆,串接在高壓回(hui)路中作半波整流(liu),以(yi)獲得直流(liu)高電(dian)壓。當(dang)用一短路桿將高壓硅(gui)(gui)堆短接時,可(ke)獲得工頻高電(dian)壓,作為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態,取消短路桿時,作為(wei)直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。
圖4單臺交直流試驗變壓器原理圖
圖中:D-短路桿(gan) VD-高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)
3、三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級獲得更(geng)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結線原理(li)圖(tu) 5。串(chuan)級高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性,因為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成,單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)容量(liang)小(xiao),電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、便于運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang),它既(ji)然(ran)可串(chuan)接(jie)成高出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong),又可分(fen)開成幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小(xiao),經濟(ji)實惠。圖(tu)5中,在(zai)*級和(he)(he)第(di)(di)二(er)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)無試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C2和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理(li)圖(tu)中,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de)(de)(de);初(chu)級組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)a1×1組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給第(di)(di)三(san)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)I Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。第(di)(di)二(er)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)(di)三(san)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)I Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。第(di)(di)二(er)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)(di)三(san)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對地為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上,氫箱體對地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)I的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣*級、第(di)(di)二(er)級、第(di)(di)三(san)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V、其額定容量(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中的高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)未畫出,其原理與上圖相(xiang)同。
四、使用方法:
1、試驗變做被(bei)試品的工頻(pin)耐壓試驗使用接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)6。
圖5:三臺試驗充壓器串(chuan)級接七原理圖
圖中:P-容量(KV) V-電壓(KV) G1、G2-絕緣(yuan)支架
圖中(zhong):R1-限(xian)流(liu)電阻 FYQ-阻容分壓器 RF-球間隙保護電阻 G-球間隙 Cx-被試品
注:高壓尾(wei)必(bi)須可靠接地。
工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)根據(ju)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)來選(xuan)擇(ze)。如高壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai) 100-300MA時,可(ke)取0.5-1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya));高壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時,可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陰(yin)作為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),管于長(chang)度可(ke)按(an)150KV/m考(kao)慮,管子和粗(cu)細應(ying)具有足夠(gou)的熱容(rong)量(liang)(水(shui)阻(zu)液配制方(fang)法:用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各種不同的陰(yin)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙及保護電(dian)阻:當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙整定(ding)值時(一般取試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的110%-120%)球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙放電(dian),對被試(shi)(shi)品起(qi)到保護作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中,低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準確的(de),其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)著漏(lou)抗,在(zai)這(zhe)上(shang)(shang)個漏(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升(sheng),使試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)(shang)反(fan)映出來(lai)的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時,被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是(shi)所謂容升(sheng)現象。感應耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必須存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確測量(liang)(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)所施加電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入(ru)RCF阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測量(liang)(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖6)。
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗操作注意事項(xiang)
(1)試驗人員應做好(hao)分工,明(ming)確(que)相互間辦法。并(bing)有專門人監護現場安全(quan)及觀(guan)察試品狀態。
(2)被(bei)試品應(ying)清掃干凈,并干燥,以免損壞被(bei)試品和試驗帶(dai)來的誤差(cha)。
(3)對(dui)丁大(da)型試(shi)(shi)驗,一(yi)般(ban)都應(ying)先進行空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗。即不(bu)接(jie)試(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓,校對(dui)各種表計(ji),調整間隙。
(4)升壓(ya)(ya)速度(du)不能太快,并必須防止突(tu)然加壓(ya)(ya)。例如調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)不在零(ling)位(wei)的突(tu)然合(he)閘,也不能突(tu)然切斷電源(yuan),一(yi)般應在調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)降至零(ling)位(wei)時拉閘。
(5)當電壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)時,開始(shi)計(ji)時,到1min后,迅(xun)速降到1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)以(yi)下時,才能(neng)拉開電源(yuan)。
(6)在升壓或耐(nai)壓試驗(yan)(yan)過程(cheng),如發現下列不正常情況時,應立即降壓,切斷電源,停止試驗(yan)(yan)并查(cha)明原因:①電壓表指針擺動很大(da);②發現絕(jue)緣燒焦或冒(mao)煙;③被(bei)試品內有不正常的聲音(yin)。
(7)耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻,檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)在(zai)做被試(shi)品的(de)直(zhi)流耐(nai)壓或泄漏試(shi)驗時接線原理圖如圖7。
注:此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖7中所示(shi)。
圖(tu)7:高壓直(zhi)流泄漏試驗接線圖(tu)
圖(tu):VD-高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 R1-限流電阻 C1-高(gao)壓(ya)濾波電容
FYQ-阻容分壓器 Cx-被試品 A-帶(dai)保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇在(zai)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時,輸出端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不超(chao)過高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的大(da)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的大(da)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用于(yu)60KV的試(shi)驗裝置中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陰按R1=60/0,1=600KΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/01=600KΩ選擇,限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應具有(you)足夠的容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離。高壓(ya)濾流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)C1一般(ban)選擇在(zai)0.01-0.1HF,當被試(shi)品的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)很大(da)時,C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄漏試驗的(de)操(cao)作及(ji)注意事項(xiang)
(1)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)前應先檢查(cha)被(bei)試(shi)品是否(fou)停電(dian),接(jie)地放電(dian),一(yi)切對(dui)外連線是否(fou)擦凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)加到人(ren)工作部位上(shang)去。
(2)接(jie)好試驗裝置的(de)接(jie)線(xian)后,應(ying)復查(cha)無誤后才(cai)可加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線(xian)與地與操(cao)作人員的(de)安全距離,被試品的(de)外(wai)殼是否可靠(kao)接(jie)地,要按安全規程(cheng)中所規定的(de)內(nei)容進(jin)行試驗。
(3)對于(yu)大電容量設備應(ying)緩慢(man)升壓,防止被試品的(de)充電電流燒(shao)壞(huai)微安表(biao)。必(bi)要時應(ying)分級加壓,分別讀取各級電壓下(xia)微安表(biao)的(de)穩定(ding)讀數。
(4)試驗(yan)過程,應密切監視被試品、試驗(yan)裝置、微(wei)安表,一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象(xiang)應立(li)即降壓,切斷電源,并查明原(yuan)因,詳細記錄。
(5)試(shi)(shi)驗完畢,降壓,切斷電源(yuan)后應將被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗裝置(zhi)本身充分放電。
五、注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的試(shi)驗接(jie)好工(gong)作線路。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的外殼(ke)以及操作系統的外殼(ke)必須可靠(kao)(kao)接(jie)地,試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的高(gao)壓(ya)繞阻的x端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及測量(liang)繞組的F端(duan)必須可靠(kao)(kao)接(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級試驗時,第二(er)級、第三級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端(duan),測(ce)量(liang)繞(rao)(rao)阻(zu)的(de)F端(duan)以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke),第二(er)級、第三級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電(dian)源前,操作系統的調壓器必須調 到(dao)零位后(hou)方(fang)可接通電(dian)源,合閘,開始(shi)升壓。
4、從零(ling)(ling)開(kai)始勻(yun)帶旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式有:快(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即(ji)(ji)20S逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);慢(man)速(su)(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即(ji)(ji)60S逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);慢(man)速(su)(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開(kai)始按一(yi)定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后,再(zai)以(yi)每(mei)秒2%額定試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開(kai)始按一(yi)定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注意測量儀表的(de)批示以(yi)及被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中或試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中如發(fa)現測量儀表的(de)指示及被試(shi)(shi)品情(qing)況異(yi)常,應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電源,查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后(hou)(hou),應在數秒內(nei)勻速(su)的將調壓器返回至零位,然后(hou)(hou)切斷電源。
6、本(ben)產品有得超過額定參數使用(yong)。除試驗(yan)必(bi)需外(wai),決不允許全電壓(ya)通電或斷電。
7、使用本產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗時,除熟悉(xi)本說明外,還必須嚴格執行國家有關(guan)標(biao)準和(he)操(cao)作規程(cheng),可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣配合,高(gao)壓(ya)試驗技術》;《電(dian)氣(qi)設備預防性試驗規程(cheng)》等。
六、配套產品
1、操作系統:
XZC系列操作(zuo)箱:容量(liang):1KVA-5KVA,輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya):0.22KV
KZT系列操作(zuo)臺(tai):容量:10K/A-300KVA輸(shu)入電壓(ya):0.22KV 、0.38KV
2、保護式數字微安表SWB-Ⅱ
3、阻容(rong)式交直流分(fen)壓器FYQ-50、100、150、220KV
4、高壓直流放(fang)電棒FZ-70、140、210KV
5、高(gao)壓硅堆:2DL-150、300、450KV
6、絕緣支架50、100、200、300KV
7、高壓(ya)濾波電容0.01UF,40-100KV
8、均壓球
9、保護球隙(xi):Q-50、100、150、200、250、500
10、標準試油杯400ml
11、介質油杯
12、折疊式小推車(che)150、300型(xing)
13、水電阻
14、高壓驗電器10KV、35KV
15、高壓定相器10KV、35KV/110KV、220KV
16、各種萬(wan)用表、兆歐表及測試線
七、試驗變壓器(qi)的容量選擇:
標準試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容量Pn的(de)確定公式:Pn=KVn2ωct×10-9。
式中:Pn—標稱試驗變壓器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(KVA)
Vn—試驗變壓器(qi)的額定輸出(chu)高壓的有效值(KV)
K—安全系數(shu)。K≥1,標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi),K=2,標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時(shi),K值可取高(gao)一些,
ct—被試品的電容量(PF)
ω—角頻(pin)率, 2лf.F-試(shi)驗電源的(de)頻(pin)率。
被試設備(bei)的(de)(de)電容(rong)量ct可(ke)由交(jiao)流電橋測出(chu)。Ct的(de)(de)變化很大,可(ke)由設備(bei)的(de)(de)類型
而(er)定(ding)。典(dian)型數據如下:
簡單的棒(bang)式(shi)或懸掛式(shi)絕緣(yuan)子 幾十(shi)微法
簡單的分(fen)級套管(guan) 100-1000PF
電壓互感器 200-500PF
電壓變壓器(qi)<1000KVA -1000PF
>1000KVA 1000-10000PF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸紙(zhi)絕緣 250-300PF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 -60PF/m
封閉(bi)變電站(zhan),SF6氣(qi)體絕緣 100-10000PF
對于不(bu)同的試驗電壓Vn,選(xuan)擇不(bu)同的(適當的)安全系數K。以(yi)下列出不(bu)同的Vn所選(xuan)用的K值供(gong)參考。
Vn=50-100KV K=4
Vn=150-300KV K=3
Vn>300KV K=2
八、試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器主要技(ji)術參數表
(一)、輕型交直(zhi)流試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(見表1)
(二(er))、輕型交(jiao)直流試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(見表(biao)2
表1、輕型交直流(liu)試驗變壓器
型號 | 容量 | 高壓電壓(KV) | 高壓電流(mA) | 低壓輸入 | 變比 | 溫升℃ | |||
(KVA) | AC | DC | AC | DC | 電壓(V) | 電流(A) | 高/儀 | 30分鐘 | |
1.5/50 | 1.5 | 50 | 70 | 30 | 15 | 200 | 7.5 | 500 | 10 |
3/50 | 3 | 50 | 70 | 60 | 15 | 200 | 15 | 500 | 10 |
5/50 | 5 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 15 | 200 | 25 | 500 | 10 |
10/50 | 10 | 50 | 70 | 200 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
20/50 | 20 | 50 | 70 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
30/50 | 30 | 50 | 70 | 600 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 500 | 10 |
40/50 | 40 | 50 | 70 | 800 | 105 | 400 | 100 | 500 | 10 |
50/50 | 50 | 50 | 70 | 1000 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 500 | 10 |
10/100 | 10 | 100 | 140 | 100 | 50 | 400 | 25 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 100 | 140 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 100 | 140 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 1000 | 10 |
40/100 | 40 | 100 | 140 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 1000 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 100 | 140 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 150 | 210 | 133 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 1500 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 150 | 210 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 75 | 1500 | 10 |
40/100 | 40 | 150 | 210 | 267 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 1500 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 150 | 210 | 333 | 100 | 400 | 125 | 1500 | 10 |
100/150 | 100 | 150 | 210 | 667 | 150 | 400 | 250 | 1500 | 10 |
注:本系列產品中(zhong)有200V的(de)串級抽(chou)頭,可二臺或(huo)三臺串級成交流(liu)100KV、150KV、200KV、300KV直流(liu)140 KV、210 KV、280 KV、420 KV、的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。并可根據用戶需要在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組抽(chou)出5-15 KV的(de)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)抽(chou)頭,供高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)作交流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗。并可定制特殊規(gui)格的(de)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)。
表2、輕型交流試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器
型號 | 容量 | 高壓電壓 | 高壓電流 | 低壓輸入 | 變比 | 溫升℃ | |
(KVA) | (KV) | (mA) | 電壓(V) | 電流(A) | 高/儀 | 30分鐘 | |
1.5/50 | 1.5 | 50 | 30 | 200 | 7.5 | 500 | 10 |
3/50 | 3 | 50 | 60 | 200 | 15 | 500 | 10 |
5/50 | 5 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 25 | 500 | 10 |
10/50 | 10 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 50 | 500 | 10 |
20/50 | 20 | 50 | 400 | 380 | 53 | 500 | 10 |
30/50 | 30 | 50 | 600 | 380 | 79 | 500 | 10 |
50/50 | 50 | 50 | 1000 | 380 | 12 | 500 | 10 |
5/100 | 5 | 100 | 50 | 200 | 25 | 1000 | 10 |
10/100 | 10 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
20/100 | 20 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 50 | 1000 | 10 |
30/100 | 30 | 100 | 300 | 400 | 75 | 1000 | 10 |
50/100 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 400 | 125 | 1000 | 10 |
20/150 | 20 | 150 | 133 | 400 | 50 | 1500 | 10 |
30/150 | 30 | 150 | 200 | 400 | 75 | 1500 | 10 |
50/150 | 50 | 150 | 333 | 400 | 125 | 1500 | 10 |
100/150 | 100 | 150 | 667 | 400 | 250 | 1500 | 10 |
50/200 | 50 | 200 | 250 | 400 | 125 | 2000 | 10 |
100/200 | 100 | 200 | 500 | 400 | 250 | 2000 | 10 |
150/200 | 150 | 200 | 750 | 400 | 375 | 2000 | 10 |
200/200 | 200 | 200 | 1000 | 400 | 500 | 2000 | 10 |
300/200 | 300 | 200 | 1500 | 400 | 600 | 2000 | 10 |
50/300 | 50 | 300 | 170 | 400 | 125 | 3000 | 10 |
100/300 | 100 | 300 | 333 | 400 | 250 | 3000 | 10 |
150/300 | 150 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 375 | 3000 | 10 |
200/300 | 200 | 300 | 667 | 400 | 500 | 3000 | 10 |
300/300 | 300 | 300 | 3000 | 500 | 600 | 3000 | 10
|